A MermaidJS diagram illustrating the structure of real-time audio DSP systems. Here are the key components:
Main Stages:
1. Audio Input Stage (Blue)
- Analog audio is converted to digital via ADC
- Sampling at standard rates (44.1kHz to 192kHz)
- Quantization to 16, 24, or 32-bit resolution
2. Buffer Management (Yellow)
- Input buffers collect samples
- DMA transfers data efficiently
- Circular buffers maintain continuous flow
- Typical frame sizes: 64-2048 samples
3. Digital Signal Processing Chain (Pink)
- Pre-Processing: Prepares signal for processing
- Three parallel paths:
- Filtering (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass)
- FFT Analysis (frequency domain processing)
- Time Domain (compression, delay, modulation)
- Effect Processing: Applies audio effects
- Mixing: Combines multiple signals
- Post-Processing: Final limiting and normalization
4. Control & Monitoring (Green)
- Parameter control for real-time adjustments
- Latency monitoring ensures timing constraints
- Level meters for audio monitoring
5. Audio Output Stage (Purple)
- Output buffer holds processed samples
- DAC converts digital back to analog
- Produces final analog audio output
6. Real-Time Constraints (Red)
- Sample clock drives the entire system
- Processing must complete within buffer duration
- Target total latency typically under 10ms
The system operates continuously with interrupt-driven timing, ensuring smooth, real-time audio processing without dropouts or glitches.
Part 2: ADC & Input Stage
Part 3: Buffer Management
Part 4: DSP Processing - Filtering Path
Part 5: DSP Processing - Frequency Domain Path
Part 6: DSP Processing - Time Domain Path
Part 7: Mixing & Post-Processing
Part 8: DAC & Output Stage
Part 9: Real-Time Constraints & Timing
Part 10: Control & Monitoring System
Initial monolithic rendition by Claude.ai: